Socio Economic and Environmental Dimensions of Sustainable Fish Farming Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Aquaculture (sustainable fish farming) is necessary to ensure food security in the world, economic growth, and environmentally friendly practices. With the current decrease in the availability of wild fish as a result of overfishing and degradation of the ecosystem, fish aquaculture has become an important alternative source of protein. The sustainability of fish farming in the long term, however, will be based on the ability to balance between financial profitability, social fairness, and environmental conservation. This review examines socio-economic advantages of sustainable aquaculture, including job creation, income generation, and food security especially in the rural setting. It is also responsive to the environmental issues, such as water pollution, and resource depletion, and biodiversity. We examine fish farming activities in the world with a focus on effective practices and the major forces and obstacles to sustainability. In addition, the policy suggestions and technological solutions offered in the review include integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), and smart monitoring tools to enhance the efficiency of resources and reduce environmental impact. Through these strategies, the aquaculture industry can become an inclusive industry, enhance food security and help to protect the natural ecosystems, and guarantee a sustainable future of the industry and the environment.